PAPHE : typologie



		Hospital churches add a generally rectangular-shaped room (sometimes several such rooms), laid out perpendicular to the religious buildings and characterized by grand architecture. The huge hall was sometimes endowed with an altar at one end or the other, so that patients could attend religious services from their beds.

		This hospital house, or of hospitality, joins again with the most disinherited tradition of greeting of. Generally installed in the center of the cities, it occupies sometimes a whole small island and is organized, as a large urban residence, around a central court.

		By juxtaposing the common rooms around a single chapel, the conventional hospital adopted new morphological shapes with the following characteristics: the presence of a courtyard, buildings forming a cross, recurrent symmetry and orthogonal geometry..The general shape of the buildings could, however, vary: a simple square or an oblong courtyard, wings in the shape of a cross with a chapel in the center, a checkerboard shape with several courtyards being some of the many variants possible.

		Often financed by rich patrons or philanthropists, the hospital palate, by reference to the " social palate ", can take the shape of a small castle or a rich person villa. It is in general about a body of building of aspect looked after with or without wings in return. Accompanied by gardens and small houses which supplement the composition, it is often built in periphery of the cities.

		The common rooms are superimposed, forming clearly identified pavilions connected to each other by a gallery. The latter usually surrounds a central courtyard and forms the link between all the buildings that are added on over time, either perpendicularly or parallely. This shape is the direct result of deliberations on hygiene, the desire for good ventilation and the separation of pathologies. The hospital is usually organized symmetrically in relation to the central chapel-entrance.

		The pavilion-type hospital is the direct offshoot of a "rack-like" hospital, taking the quest for the separation of pathologies and the desire to prevent contagion effects to the extreme. The hospital complex, which is described as fragmented, consists of completely detached pavilions. Movement between pavilions is sometimes provided by underground galleries providing technical connections. The composition of the gardens is as important as that of the buildings and contributes to health care.

		The hospital is concentrated in a single building, characterized by the superposition of "pavilions" and services. Movement converges toward a single vertical pole. The system facilitates the staff's movements while reducing the distances to be covered and accentuates sunshine and air circulation in rooms and common rooms by the proper orientation and elevation of buildings.

		Based on the single-unit model, this type of hospital creates a new kind of separation of activities. The hospital's technical section (operating theatres, diagnostic and treatment suites is concentrated at the base of the hospital, on a platform, while the inpatient wards are developed in the tower. Architectural techniques made it possible to build at increasingly higher levels.

		The ward blocks, constituted henceforth by more little rooms ( from 1 to 6 beds, generally), are present in a greater number. The hospital is organized around an internal street that connects various medical centers. This horizontal concentration creates establishments that are dense, compact, homogeneous and open to the city. The horizontal hospital, or street-hospital, corresponds to the desire to humanize a hospital, by integrating it with the site and ensuring that it is physically and scientifically open to the city around it.